The ‘industry’ concept refers to the companies that create and distribute media texts, the standard practices of media production, as well as the regulatory and legal frameworks in which the companies operate.
2) What does David Hesmondhalgh argue with regards to how the creative industries have changed since the 1980s?
in the 21st century. In the 1980s media companies began to see the benefit of synergy (see ‘Synergy rules OK?’, MM 14) at the same time that governments in the west, because of the decline of manufacturing industries, came to appreciate the economic benefits of having a strong ‘cultural’ sector (particularly the film, television and music industries).
3) Choose the three most significant points Hesmondhalgh makes regarding the changing cultural industries. Why are these the most significant in your view?
Cultural industries have moved closer to the centre of economic action there has been an increase in media. Corporations owning companies in different sectors of the industry. Globalisation has meant media texts can circulate more easily across borders reducing North.
4) What is technological convergence?
Technological convergence; digitisation of media meant every media form could be accessed on computers. It was this that eventually enabled tech companies to compete directly with media companies and, arguably, even become media companies.
5) How are technology companies challenging traditional broadcasters in the TV industry?
For example, Amazon (originally an online book seller) is now producing its own ‘television’ programmes. In doing this it followed Netflix, which began as a postal DVD service, in ‘liberating’ television programmes from broadcasters’ schedules with on-demand viewing.
6) What budgets will Netflix, Amazon and Apple spend on original programming next year according to the article?
Next year Netflix plans to spend $8bn on original material; Amazon’s budget is estimated at $4.5bn. Apple has recently joined the fray with a $1bn spend.
7) How many countries are Netflix and Amazon available in?
In 2016 Netflix simultaneously launched its service in 130 new countries, bringing its total to 190, and Amazon opened in 200.
8) The global nature of modern television means producers are having to consider international audiences when creating content. What example from Netflix does the article use to explain this?
Going global means they have to pay for the license to broadcast individual shows in different countries so another advantage of creating their own content is that Netflix or Amazon automatically own the copyright for the programmes and don’t have to purchase additional distribution permissions.
9) Do you think technology companies such as Google, Facebook and Amazon will increase their interest in the
television industry?
Google, Facebook and amazon will increase their interest in the television industry as it is very profitable due to people starting to binge watch TV show which maximises revenue, For example Netflix is successful due to their audience binge watching; Google, Facebook, Amazon will take the same interest as them.
10) How do changes in technology influence the creation of TV dramas such as Capital or Deutschland 83? How?
Changes in the tech influences the creation of TV dramas such as Capital and Duecshland 83 because most shows are on demand and can be watched on phones, tablets and computer etc etc This allows the audience to binge watch whatever TV show at whatever time.
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